✨ 形容词和副词
形容词用法 · 副词用法 · 比较级和最高级 · 易混词辨析
考点一:形容词的用法
🔹 形容词在句中的作用
| 作用 | 位置 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| 作定语 | 一般放在名词前 | a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩 |
| 作表语 | 放在系动词后 | The flower is beautiful. 这花很漂亮。 |
| 作宾补 | 放在宾语后 | We keep the classroom clean. 我们保持教室干净。 |
🔹 形容词作定语的位置
- 一般位置:形容词放在名词前。a good book(一本好书)
- 后置情况:
- 修饰复合不定代词时后置:something important(重要的事)
- 形容词短语作定语时后置:a room full of books(满是书的房间)
- 某些固定搭配:the best way possible(最好的方法)
🔹 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
当多个形容词修饰同一个名词时,排列顺序为:
限定词 → 数量 → 描绘性 → 大小 → 形状 → 新旧 → 颜色 → 国籍 → 材料 → 用途 + 名词
例如:a beautiful small round old brown French wooden writing table
(一张漂亮的、小的、圆形的、旧的、棕色的、法国的、木制的写字台)
-ed 形容词 vs -ing 形容词:
-ed 形容词:表示"感到……的",修饰人的感受。
-ing 形容词:表示"令人……的",修饰事物的性质。
例如:I am interested in the interesting book.
我对这本有趣的书感兴趣。
形容词定语表宾补,修饰名词在前头;
复合不定代词后置,-ed修饰人-ing修饰物;
限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;
颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。
选择正确答案:
1. There is ______ with my computer.(something wrong / wrong something)
2. The news is ______. We are all ______.(exciting; excited / excited; exciting)
3. She has a ______ bag.(small black leather / black small leather)
1. something wrong — 形容词修饰复合不定代词时后置。
2. exciting; excited — news 是物用 exciting,we 是人用 excited。
3. small black leather — 顺序:大小 + 颜色 + 材料。
考点二:副词的用法
🔹 副词在句中的作用
| 作用 | 举例 |
|---|---|
| 修饰动词 | He runs fast. 他跑得快。 |
| 修饰形容词 | She is very beautiful. 她非常漂亮。 |
| 修饰副词 | He runs very fast. 他跑得非常快。 |
| 修饰整个句子 | Luckily, he passed the exam. 幸运的是,他通过了考试。 |
🔹 副词的分类
- 时间副词:now, then, today, yesterday, soon, already, yet 等
- 地点副词:here, there, everywhere, home, upstairs 等
- 方式副词:carefully, quickly, slowly, well, hard 等
- 程度副词:very, quite, rather, too, enough 等
- 频度副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never 等
🔹 副词的位置
- 频度副词:一般放在be动词后、实义动词前。
He is always late. / He often gets up early. - 程度副词:一般放在被修饰词前。
She is very beautiful. / He runs quite fast. - 方式副词:一般放在动词后或句末。
He speaks English fluently. - enough:修饰形容词或副词时放在其后。
He is old enough to go to school.
形容词 vs 副词:
hard(努力地,副词)vs hardly(几乎不,副词)
late(晚,迟,副词)vs lately(最近,副词)
near(近,副词)vs nearly(几乎,副词)
high(高,副词)vs highly(高度地,副词)
这些词形相似但意思完全不同,要特别注意!
副词修饰动形副,还能修饰整个句;
频度副词be后动前,enough修饰要后置;
hard努力hardly几乎不,late迟到lately最近。
选择正确答案:
1. He ______ goes to school by bus.(always / never)
2. The box is ______ for me to carry.(enough light / light enough)
3. He works ______, but he can ______ finish the work.(hard; hardly / hardly; hard)
1. 根据句意选择,两个都对。always(总是)/ never(从不)都是频度副词。
2. light enough — enough 修饰形容词时要后置。
3. hard; hardly — hard(努力地),hardly(几乎不)。
考点三:形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
🔹 比较级和最高级的构成规则
| 规则 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一般情况加 -er / -est | tall | taller | tallest |
| 以 e 结尾加 -r / -st | nice | nicer | nicest |
| 辅音字母 + y,变 y 为 i 加 -er / -est | easy | easier | easiest |
| 重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加 -er / -est | big | bigger | biggest |
| 多音节词和部分双音节词前加 more / most | beautiful | more beautiful | most beautiful |
🔹 不规则变化
| 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|
| good / well | better | best |
| bad / ill | worse | worst |
| many / much | more | most |
| little | less | least |
| far | farther / further | farthest / furthest |
| old | older / elder | oldest / eldest |
🔹 比较级的用法
- 两者比较:A + be + 比较级 + than + B
Tom is taller than John. 汤姆比约翰高。 - 越来越……:比较级 + and + 比较级
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天气越来越暖和了。 - 越……越……:the + 比较级,the + 比较级
The more, the better. 越多越好。 - 两者中更……的一个:the + 比较级 + of the two
He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中较高的那个。
🔹 最高级的用法
- 三者或三者以上比较:A + be + the + 最高级 + in/of...
He is the tallest in his class. 他是班上最高的。 - 最……之一:one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词
Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 北京是中国最大的城市之一。 - 第几……:the + 序数词 + 最高级
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。
比较级前的修饰词:
much, far, a lot, even, still, a little, a bit 等可以修饰比较级,表示程度。
例如:much taller(高得多)、a little better(好一点)
❌ very taller(very 不能修饰比较级)
比较级加-er最高级加-est,双写去e变y规则要记;
more和most多音节,不规则变化要特记;
两者比较用than,三者以上the不离;
越来越and连,越越the比较级。
用所给词的适当形式填空:
1. Tom is ______ (tall) than his brother.
2. This book is ______ (interesting) than that one.
3. She is the ______ (beautiful) girl in her class.
4. The weather is getting ______ and ______ (cold).
1. taller — 两者比较用比较级。
2. more interesting — interesting 是多音节词,比较级前加 more。
3. most beautiful — 三者以上比较用最高级,前面加 the。
4. colder; colder — "比较级 + and + 比较级"表示"越来越……"。
考点四:易混形容词和副词辨析
🔹 already / yet / still
- already:已经(用于肯定句)。He has already finished his homework.
- yet:还,尚未(用于否定句和疑问句)。He hasn't finished his homework yet.
- still:仍然,还(用于肯定句和疑问句)。He is still working.
🔹 too / also / either
- too:也(用于肯定句句末)。I like apples, too.
- also:也(用于肯定句句中,be动词后、实义动词前)。I also like apples.
- either:也(用于否定句句末)。I don't like apples, either.
🔹 ago / before
- ago:……以前(从现在算起,用于一般过去时)。He left two days ago.
- before:以前(从过去某时算起,用于过去完成时)。He said he had seen the film before.
🔹 lonely / alone
- lonely:孤独的,寂寞的(形容词,强调心理感受)。He feels lonely.
- alone:单独,独自(副词,强调客观状态)。He lives alone.
🔹 so / such
- so:如此(修饰形容词或副词)。so + adj./adv.
He is so tall. / He runs so fast. - such:如此(修饰名词)。such + (a/an) + adj. + n.
He is such a tall boy. / It's such bad weather.
so 和 such 的特殊结构:
so many/much/few/little(少) + 名词
such + a lot of + 名词
例如:so many books(这么多书)/ such a lot of books(这么多书)
already肯定yet否疑,still仍然要牢记;
too句末also句中,either否定不能忘;
ago过去before过完,lonely心理alone客观;
so修饰形副词,such修饰名词记心间。
选择正确答案:
1. He has ______ finished his homework.(already / yet)
2. I don't like coffee, ______.(too / either)
3. He is ______ a good student that everyone likes him.(so / such)
4. Although he lives ______, he doesn't feel ______.(alone; lonely / lonely; alone)
1. already — 肯定句用 already。
2. either — 否定句句末用 either。
3. such — such + a + adj. + n. 结构。
4. alone; lonely — alone(独自,副词),lonely(孤独的,形容词)。