🔢 数词
基数词 · 序数词 · 分数与小数 · 数词的特殊用法
考点一:基数词
🔹 基数词的构成规则
| 范围 | 规则 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| 1-12 | 独立单词,需单独记忆 | one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve |
| 13-19 | 个位数 + teen(注意拼写变化) | thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen |
| 20-90整十 | 个位数 + ty(注意拼写变化) | twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety |
| 21-99非整十 | 十位 + 连字符 + 个位 | twenty-one, thirty-five, ninety-nine |
| 100以上 | 百位 + and + 十位个位 | one hundred and twenty-three |
🔹 大数的读法
- hundred(百)、thousand(千)、million(百万)、billion(十亿)
- 具体数字后不加 -s:three hundred(300)、five thousand(5000)
- 表示概数时加 -s + of:hundreds of(数百)、thousands of(数千)
拼写易错词:
thirteen(不是 threeteen)
fifteen(不是 fiveteen)
eighteen(不是 eightteen)
forty(不是 fourty)
fifty(不是 fivety)
ninety(不是 ninty)
1到12要记牢,13到19加teen;
20到90整十ty,几十几用连字符;
hundred/thousand不加s,概数加s再加of。
用英语写出下列数字:
1. 15 → ______
2. 40 → ______
3. 365 → ______
4. 数千 → ______
1. fifteen
2. forty(注意不是 fourty)
3. three hundred and sixty-five
4. thousands of(表示概数,thousand 加 -s)
考点二:序数词
🔹 序数词的构成规则
| 规则 | 方法 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般情况 | 基数词 + th | fourth, sixth, seventh, tenth |
| 特殊变化 | 需单独记忆 | first(第一), second(第二), third(第三) |
| 以 -ve 结尾 | 变 ve 为 f + th | fifth(第五), twelfth(第十二) |
| 以 -e 结尾 | 去 e + th | ninth(第九) |
| 以 -y 结尾 | 变 y 为 ie + th | twentieth(第二十), thirtieth(第三十) |
| 几十几 | 只变个位为序数词 | twenty-first(第21), thirty-second(第32) |
🔹 序数词的用法
- 序数词前一般加 the:the first day(第一天)、the second floor(第二层)
- 表示日期:May 1st = May the first = the first of May(5月1日)
- 表示顺序:He came first in the race.(他在比赛中得了第一名)
序数词缩写形式:
first → 1st
second → 2nd
third → 3rd
fourth → 4th
twenty-first → 21st
注意:除了 1st, 2nd, 3rd 外,其余都用 th。
基变序,有规律,词尾加上th;
一二三特殊记,八去t九去e;
ve要用f替,ty变为tie;
若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。
写出下列基数词对应的序数词:
1. five → ______
2. nine → ______
3. twelve → ______
4. twenty → ______
5. thirty-one → ______
1. fifth(ve 变 f 加 th)
2. ninth(去 e 加 th)
3. twelfth(ve 变 f 加 th)
4. twentieth(y 变 ie 加 th)
5. thirty-first(只变个位为序数词)
考点三:分数、小数与百分数
🔹 分数的表达
分数由"基数词(分子)+ 序数词(分母)"构成:
- 分子为1:直接用"a/one + 序数词"。
1/3 = one third / a third(三分之一)
1/4 = one fourth / a quarter(四分之一) - 分子大于1:分母用序数词复数形式。
2/3 = two thirds(三分之二)
3/5 = three fifths(五分之三) - 特殊表达:
1/2 = a/one half(二分之一)
1/4 = a/one quarter(四分之一)
🔹 小数的表达
小数点读作 point,小数点后的数字逐个读出:
- 0.5 = zero point five / point five
- 3.14 = three point one four
- 25.67 = twenty-five point six seven
🔹 百分数的表达
百分数用"基数词 + percent"表示:
- 50% = fifty percent
- 100% = one hundred percent
- 0.5% = zero point five percent
分数作主语时的主谓一致:
分数/百分数 + of + 名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 后面的名词。
Two thirds of the students are boys.(三分之二的学生是男生)
Two thirds of the water is polluted.(三分之二的水被污染了)
分数表达有规律,分子基数分母序;
分子大于一,分母加s要牢记;
小数point来分隔,逐个数字往后读;
百分数用percent,分数主语看of后。
用英语表达下列数字:
1. 2/5 → ______
2. 3.5 → ______
3. 75% → ______
4. Three fifths of the work ______ finished.(is / are)
1. two fifths(分子2用基数词,分母5用序数词复数)
2. three point five(小数点后逐个读)
3. seventy-five percent
4. is(work 是不可数名词,谓语用单数)
考点四:数词的特殊用法
🔹 表示年代、年龄
- 年份:分成两部分读。
1998 = nineteen ninety-eight
2024 = twenty twenty-four
2000 = two thousand - 年代:用"in the + 年份复数"。
in the 1990s / in the 1990's(在20世纪90年代) - 年龄:
He is 15 years old. = He is 15. = He is a 15-year-old boy.
in one's twenties(在某人二十多岁时)
🔹 表示时刻
- 整点:数字 + o'clock。6:00 = six o'clock
- 非整点:
顺读法:小时 + 分钟。6:15 = six fifteen
逆读法:分钟 + past/to + 小时
6:15 = a quarter past six(6点过15分)
6:45 = a quarter to seven(差15分到7点)
6:30 = half past six(6点半)
🔹 表示编号
- Room 201 = Room two o one / the two hundred and first room
- Page 5 = Page five / the fifth page
- Lesson 3 = Lesson three / the third lesson
- Bus No. 12 = Bus number twelve / the number twelve bus
🔹 倍数表达法
- A + be + 倍数 + as + 形容词原级 + as + B
This room is three times as large as that one. - A + be + 倍数 + 形容词比较级 + than + B
This room is twice larger than that one. - A + be + 倍数 + the size/length/width... + of + B
This room is three times the size of that one.
时间表达中的易错点:
past 用于30分钟以内(包括30分钟)
to 用于30分钟以后
6:20 = twenty past six ✅
6:40 = twenty to seven ✅(不是 forty past six)
年份分两段,年代加s;
时刻past和to,半点用half;
编号两种读,序数或基数;
倍数三句型,as/than/the size。
用英语表达:
1. 2008年 → ______
2. 7:45 → ______ (用逆读法)
3. 第12路公交车 → ______
4. 这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。→ ______
1. two thousand and eight 或 twenty o eight
2. a quarter to eight(差15分到8点)
3. Bus No. 12 或 the number twelve bus
4. This room is twice as large as that one. 或
This room is twice larger than that one. 或
This room is twice the size of that one.