🔗 介词和冠词
时间介词 · 地点介词 · 方式介词 · 不定冠词 · 定冠词 · 零冠词
考点一:表示时间的介词
🔹 at / on / in 的区别
| 介词 | 用法 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| at | 在某一时刻、时间点 | at 6:00(在6点);at noon(在中午);at night(在夜晚) |
| on | 在具体某一天或某天的上/下午 | on Sunday(在周日);on May 1st(在5月1日);on a rainy morning(在一个雨天的早上) |
| in | 在某世纪、年、季度、月;泛指上/下午/晚上 | in 2024(在2024年);in summer(在夏天);in the morning(在上午) |
🔹 for / during / through
| 介词 | 用法 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| for | 后接一段时间,表示持续多久,多与完成时连用 | She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。 |
| during | 在……期间 | I went to France during the summer. 夏天期间我去了法国。 |
| through | 一直……,自始至终 | They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。 |
🔹 from / since
| 介词 | 用法 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| from | 表示时间起点"从……",常用于 from...to/till... | We work from Monday to Friday. 我们从周一工作到周五。 |
| since | 自从……以来,常与完成时连用 | He has lived here since 2010. 他自2010年以来就住在这里。 |
for vs since:
for + 一段时间:for three years(三年)
since + 时间点:since 2010 / since last Monday
两者都常与现在完成时连用,但后面跟的内容不同!
at时刻on某天,in年月季和上下晚;
for一段since时间点,完成时态常相伴;
during期间through始终,from...to从头到尾。
用 at / on / in 填空:
1. I usually get up ______ 6:30 every morning.
2. We will have a party ______ Saturday afternoon.
3. It is very cold ______ winter in Beijing.
1. at — 在具体时刻 6:30 前用 at。
2. on — 在具体某天的下午用 on(on Saturday afternoon)。
3. in — 在季节前用 in(in winter)。
考点二:表示地点和方位的介词
🔹 at / in / on 表示地点
| 介词 | 用法 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| at | 在较小的地点(某一点) | at the bus stop(在公交站);at home(在家);at school(在学校) |
| in | 在较大的地点(某一范围内) | in Beijing(在北京);in the room(在房间里);in China(在中国) |
| on | 在……表面上 | on the desk(在桌上);on the wall(在墙上);on the floor(在地板上) |
🔹 in / on / to 表示方位
| 介词 | 含义 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| in | 在……范围之内(包含关系) | Beijing is in the north of China. 北京在中国的北部。 |
| on | 与……接壤(相邻关系) | Korea is on the east of China. 朝鲜在中国的东面。 |
| to | 在……范围之外(不接壤) | Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。 |
🔹 between / among
- between:在两者之间。He sat between Tom and Jerry.
- among:在三者或三者以上之间。She is popular among her classmates.
🔹 across / through / over
| 介词 | 含义 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| across | 横穿(表面) | walk across the street 穿过街道 |
| through | 穿过(内部空间) | go through the forest 穿过森林 |
| over | 越过(上方) | jump over the wall 翻过墙 |
across vs through:
across 强调从表面横穿(如过马路、过桥)
through 强调从内部空间穿过(如穿过森林、隧道)
记忆技巧:across 像走过一个平面,through 像钻过一个空间。
at小点in大范围,on表面上要分清;
in内部on接壤to分离,方位介词三兄弟;
between两者among多者,across表面through内部。
选择正确的介词填空:
1. Taiwan is ______ the southeast of China.(in / on / to)
2. The old man walked ______ the road carefully.(across / through)
3. He is the tallest ______ all the students.(between / among)
1. in — 台湾是中国领土的一部分,属于范围之内,用 in。
2. across — 穿过马路是从表面横穿,用 across。
3. among — all the students 是三者以上,用 among。
考点三:其他常用介词辨析
🔹 表示方式的介词
| 介词 | 用法 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| by | 乘坐(交通工具);通过……方式 | by bus(乘公交);by working hard(通过努力工作) |
| in | 用(语言、材料等) | in English(用英语);in ink(用墨水) |
| with | 用(工具、身体部位) | with a pen(用钢笔);with his hands(用他的手) |
| on | 通过(媒介) | on the phone(通过电话);on TV(在电视上) |
🔹 表示原因的介词
- because of:因为(后接名词/代词/动名词)。He was late because of the rain.
- thanks to:多亏了,由于。Thanks to your help, I passed the exam.
- due to:由于(较正式)。The delay was due to heavy traffic.
🔹 易混介词短语
| 短语 | 含义 | 短语 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| in front of | 在……前面(外部) | in the front of | 在……前部(内部) |
| at the end of | 在……末尾 | by the end of | 到……末为止 |
| in charge of | 负责管理 | in the charge of | 由……负责 |
| on the way | 在路上 | by the way | 顺便说一下 |
| in time | 及时 | on time | 准时 |
in front of vs in the front of:
in front of the car = 在车的前面(车外)
in the front of the car = 在车的前部(车内,如驾驶座)
多了一个 the,意思完全不同!
by交通in语言with工具,方式介词要分清;
in front of外面前,in the front of里面前;
in time及时on time准时,一词之差意不同。
选择正确答案:
1. He usually goes to school ______ bike.(by / on / in)
2. Please write the letter ______ English.(by / in / with)
3. The teacher is standing ______ the classroom, writing on the blackboard.(in front of / in the front of)
1. by — 乘坐交通工具用 by,by bike 骑自行车。
2. in — 用某种语言用 in,in English 用英语。
3. in the front of — 老师站在教室的前部(教室内部的前面),用 in the front of。
考点四:不定冠词 a / an
🔹 a 与 an 的区别
不定冠词 a/an 用在可数名词单数前,表示"一个"。选择 a 还是 an 取决于后面单词的发音(不是字母):
- a:用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。a book, a university, a useful tool
- an:用在以元音音素开头的单词前。an apple, an hour, an honest man
🔹 不定冠词的主要用法
| 用法 | 举例 |
|---|---|
| 泛指某一类人或物 | A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 |
| 第一次提到某人或某物 | I bought a book yesterday. 我昨天买了一本书。 |
| 表示"每一"(= per / every) | three times a day 每天三次 |
| 用在某些固定短语中 | have a look, take a walk, in a hurry, as a result |
以下单词容易用错冠词:
an hour(h不发音,以元音音素开头)
an honest man(h不发音)
a university(u发 /juː/,以辅音音素开头)
a useful book(u发 /juː/)
a European country(E发 /jʊ/,以辅音音素开头)
关键:看发音,不看字母!
a加辅音an加元音,看的是音不是形;
hour和honest用an,university用a;
泛指一类首次提,每一固定短语里。
选择 a 或 an 填空:
1. He is ______ honest boy.
2. She studies in ______ university.
3. I'll be back in ______ hour.
4. This is ______ useful dictionary.
1. an — honest 的 h 不发音,以元音音素 /ɒ/ 开头。
2. a — university 以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头。
3. an — hour 的 h 不发音,以元音音素 /aʊ/ 开头。
4. a — useful 以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头。
考点五:定冠词 the 与零冠词
🔹 定冠词 the 的用法
| 用法 | 举例 |
|---|---|
| 特指双方都知道的人或物 | Please close the door. 请关上门。 |
| 上文已提到的人或物 | I bought a book. The book is interesting. |
| 世界上独一无二的事物 | the sun, the moon, the earth |
| 序数词和最高级前 | the first, the best, the tallest |
| 乐器名称前 | play the piano, play the violin |
| the + 形容词 = 一类人 | the rich(富人), the old(老人) |
| 江河湖海、山脉等专有名词前 | the Yellow River, the Great Wall |
🔹 零冠词(不用冠词)的情况
| 情况 | 举例 |
|---|---|
| 复数名词或不可数名词表泛指 | Books are our friends. / Water is important. |
| 人名、地名等专有名词前 | Tom, China, Beijing |
| 三餐、球类、学科前 | have breakfast, play basketball, study math |
| 节日、星期、月份前 | on Christmas, on Monday, in January |
| by + 交通工具 | by bus, by train, by plane |
| 某些固定短语中 | go to school, go to bed, at home, at work |
play + the + 乐器:play the piano ✅
play + 球类运动(不加 the):play basketball ✅
❌ play the basketball ❌ play piano
go to school(去上学)vs go to the school(去学校这个地方)
有无 the 意思不同!前者强调目的(上学),后者强调地点。
特指已知用the,独一无二the不缺;
序数最高级加the,乐器前面也要the;
三餐球类学科零,节日星期月份零;
by加交通不用冠,go to school零冠词。
在空白处填入 a / an / the 或 "/"(不填):
1. He can play ______ guitar very well.
2. Let's play ______ football after school.
3. ______ sun rises in ______ east.
4. She is ______ tallest girl in her class.
1. the — 乐器前加 the,play the guitar。
2. /(不填)— 球类运动前不加冠词,play football。
3. The; the — 太阳是独一无二的事物,用 the;方位名词前加 the,in the east。
4. the — 最高级前加 the,the tallest。