第五章

🔗 介词和冠词

时间介词 · 地点介词 · 方式介词 · 不定冠词 · 定冠词 · 零冠词

📌

考点一:表示时间的介词

🔹 at / on / in 的区别

介词用法举例
at在某一时刻、时间点at 6:00(在6点);at noon(在中午);at night(在夜晚)
on在具体某一天或某天的上/下午on Sunday(在周日);on May 1st(在5月1日);on a rainy morning(在一个雨天的早上)
in在某世纪、年、季度、月;泛指上/下午/晚上in 2024(在2024年);in summer(在夏天);in the morning(在上午)

🔹 for / during / through

介词用法举例
for后接一段时间,表示持续多久,多与完成时连用She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。
during在……期间I went to France during the summer. 夏天期间我去了法国。
through一直……,自始至终They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。

🔹 from / since

介词用法举例
from表示时间起点"从……",常用于 from...to/till...We work from Monday to Friday. 我们从周一工作到周五。
since自从……以来,常与完成时连用He has lived here since 2010. 他自2010年以来就住在这里。
⚠️ 易错提醒

for vs since:
for + 一段时间:for three years(三年)
since + 时间点:since 2010 / since last Monday
两者都常与现在完成时连用,但后面跟的内容不同!

💡 速记口诀

at时刻on某天,in年月季和上下晚;
for一段since时间点,完成时态常相伴;
during期间through始终,from...to从头到尾。

📝 例题

用 at / on / in 填空:

1. I usually get up ______ 6:30 every morning.

2. We will have a party ______ Saturday afternoon.

3. It is very cold ______ winter in Beijing.

1. at — 在具体时刻 6:30 前用 at。

2. on — 在具体某天的下午用 on(on Saturday afternoon)。

3. in — 在季节前用 in(in winter)。

📌

考点二:表示地点和方位的介词

🔹 at / in / on 表示地点

介词用法举例
at在较小的地点(某一点)at the bus stop(在公交站);at home(在家);at school(在学校)
in在较大的地点(某一范围内)in Beijing(在北京);in the room(在房间里);in China(在中国)
on在……表面上on the desk(在桌上);on the wall(在墙上);on the floor(在地板上)

🔹 in / on / to 表示方位

介词含义举例
in在……范围之内(包含关系)Beijing is in the north of China. 北京在中国的北部。
on与……接壤(相邻关系)Korea is on the east of China. 朝鲜在中国的东面。
to在……范围之外(不接壤)Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。

🔹 between / among

  • between:在两者之间。He sat between Tom and Jerry.
  • among:在三者或三者以上之间。She is popular among her classmates.

🔹 across / through / over

介词含义举例
across横穿(表面)walk across the street 穿过街道
through穿过(内部空间)go through the forest 穿过森林
over越过(上方)jump over the wall 翻过墙
⚠️ 易错提醒

across vs through:
across 强调从表面横穿(如过马路、过桥)
through 强调从内部空间穿过(如穿过森林、隧道)
记忆技巧:across 像走过一个平面,through 像钻过一个空间。

💡 速记口诀

at小点in大范围,on表面上要分清;
in内部on接壤to分离,方位介词三兄弟;
between两者among多者,across表面through内部。

📝 例题

选择正确的介词填空:

1. Taiwan is ______ the southeast of China.(in / on / to)

2. The old man walked ______ the road carefully.(across / through)

3. He is the tallest ______ all the students.(between / among)

1. in — 台湾是中国领土的一部分,属于范围之内,用 in。

2. across — 穿过马路是从表面横穿,用 across。

3. among — all the students 是三者以上,用 among。

📌

考点三:其他常用介词辨析

🔹 表示方式的介词

介词用法举例
by乘坐(交通工具);通过……方式by bus(乘公交);by working hard(通过努力工作)
in用(语言、材料等)in English(用英语);in ink(用墨水)
with用(工具、身体部位)with a pen(用钢笔);with his hands(用他的手)
on通过(媒介)on the phone(通过电话);on TV(在电视上)

🔹 表示原因的介词

  • because of:因为(后接名词/代词/动名词)。He was late because of the rain.
  • thanks to:多亏了,由于。Thanks to your help, I passed the exam.
  • due to:由于(较正式)。The delay was due to heavy traffic.

🔹 易混介词短语

短语含义短语含义
in front of在……前面(外部)in the front of在……前部(内部)
at the end of在……末尾by the end of到……末为止
in charge of负责管理in the charge of由……负责
on the way在路上by the way顺便说一下
in time及时on time准时
⚠️ 易错提醒

in front of vs in the front of:
in front of the car = 在车的前面(车外)
in the front of the car = 在车的前部(车内,如驾驶座)
多了一个 the,意思完全不同!

💡 速记口诀

by交通in语言with工具,方式介词要分清;
in front of外面前,in the front of里面前;
in time及时on time准时,一词之差意不同。

📝 例题

选择正确答案:

1. He usually goes to school ______ bike.(by / on / in)

2. Please write the letter ______ English.(by / in / with)

3. The teacher is standing ______ the classroom, writing on the blackboard.(in front of / in the front of)

1. by — 乘坐交通工具用 by,by bike 骑自行车。

2. in — 用某种语言用 in,in English 用英语。

3. in the front of — 老师站在教室的前部(教室内部的前面),用 in the front of。

📌

考点四:不定冠词 a / an

🔹 a 与 an 的区别

不定冠词 a/an 用在可数名词单数前,表示"一个"。选择 a 还是 an 取决于后面单词的发音(不是字母):

  • a:用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。a book, a university, a useful tool
  • an:用在以元音音素开头的单词前。an apple, an hour, an honest man

🔹 不定冠词的主要用法

用法举例
泛指某一类人或物A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
第一次提到某人或某物I bought a book yesterday. 我昨天买了一本书。
表示"每一"(= per / every)three times a day 每天三次
用在某些固定短语中have a look, take a walk, in a hurry, as a result
⚠️ 易错提醒

以下单词容易用错冠词:
an hour(h不发音,以元音音素开头)
an honest man(h不发音)
a university(u发 /juː/,以辅音音素开头)
a useful book(u发 /juː/)
a European country(E发 /jʊ/,以辅音音素开头)
关键:看发音,不看字母!

💡 速记口诀

a加辅音an加元音,看的是音不是形;
hour和honest用an,university用a;
泛指一类首次提,每一固定短语里。

📝 例题

选择 a 或 an 填空:

1. He is ______ honest boy.

2. She studies in ______ university.

3. I'll be back in ______ hour.

4. This is ______ useful dictionary.

1. an — honest 的 h 不发音,以元音音素 /ɒ/ 开头。

2. a — university 以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头。

3. an — hour 的 h 不发音,以元音音素 /aʊ/ 开头。

4. a — useful 以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头。

📌

考点五:定冠词 the 与零冠词

🔹 定冠词 the 的用法

用法举例
特指双方都知道的人或物Please close the door. 请关上门。
上文已提到的人或物I bought a book. The book is interesting.
世界上独一无二的事物the sun, the moon, the earth
序数词和最高级前the first, the best, the tallest
乐器名称前play the piano, play the violin
the + 形容词 = 一类人the rich(富人), the old(老人)
江河湖海、山脉等专有名词前the Yellow River, the Great Wall

🔹 零冠词(不用冠词)的情况

情况举例
复数名词或不可数名词表泛指Books are our friends. / Water is important.
人名、地名等专有名词前Tom, China, Beijing
三餐、球类、学科前have breakfast, play basketball, study math
节日、星期、月份前on Christmas, on Monday, in January
by + 交通工具by bus, by train, by plane
某些固定短语中go to school, go to bed, at home, at work
⚠️ 易错提醒

play + the + 乐器:play the piano ✅
play + 球类运动(不加 the):play basketball ✅
❌ play the basketball   ❌ play piano

go to school(去上学)vs go to the school(去学校这个地方)
有无 the 意思不同!前者强调目的(上学),后者强调地点。

💡 速记口诀

特指已知用the,独一无二the不缺;
序数最高级加the,乐器前面也要the;
三餐球类学科零,节日星期月份零;
by加交通不用冠,go to school零冠词。

📝 例题

在空白处填入 a / an / the 或 "/"(不填):

1. He can play ______ guitar very well.

2. Let's play ______ football after school.

3. ______ sun rises in ______ east.

4. She is ______ tallest girl in her class.

1. the — 乐器前加 the,play the guitar。

2. /(不填)— 球类运动前不加冠词,play football。

3. The; the — 太阳是独一无二的事物,用 the;方位名词前加 the,in the east。

4. the — 最高级前加 the,the tallest。

← 第四章 代词 第六章 数词 →
← 第四章 代词 第六章 数词 →